CCIT Seminar with Marianna Fenzi on the Green Revolution
On October 31st,we’re joined by Dr. Marianna Fenzi for a talk titled "Beyond the Epics of the Green Revolution: Internal Critiques and Alternative Visions”. Marianna Fenzi is a social scientist with a PhD in History of Science and Science and Technology Studies (STS). Alongside her historical research, she has conducted ethnographic and ethnobotanical studies at the French National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRAE), Biodiversity International, and the University of California, Berkeley. She is currently a Research Fellow at the Institute of Geography and Sustainability at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Her work combines archival research and socio-historical analysis with field investigations. She focuses on the history of the Green Revolution, international agricultural research, and crop diversity conservation. Her main interest lies in how farmers manage crop diversity and how these practices intersect with scientific approaches, debates, and narratives on agricultural transformation in both the Global South and North.
Abstract
The Green Revolution has often been portrayed, both by its promoters and by many social scientists, as a homogenizing force, whose innovations were expected to displace all alternatives. Without denying its transformative effects, this paper seeks to move beyond the epic narrative of agricultural modernization to uncover the continuities, tensions, and plural trajectories that shaped it. Drawing inspiration from Dipesh Chakrabarty’s call to “provincialize Europe,” I examine the Mexican Agricultural Program (MAP, 1943 -1965), launched by the Rockefeller Foundation as the first large-scale experiment in international agricultural development. Based on archival research and ethnographic fieldwork, this study explores how the MAP became both a site of scientific experimentation and political negotiation. The program, centered on hybrid maize dissemination and germplasm collection, was seen by the Rockefeller Foundation as a vector of progress capable of transforming rural societies without recourse to socialist reform. Similarly, for the Mexican state, agricultural modernization offered a way to depoliticize agrarian reform through technoscientific solutions. Rather than depicting Mexican scientists as passive “recipients” or U.S. experts as mere “missionaries,” I show how both groups faced the failure of hybrid maize to fulfill its promises, prompting debates over alternative approaches to crop improvement. These controversies reveal the unfinished and contested nature of the early Green Revolution.
In a second part, I shift attention to farmers, moving beyond their portrayal as “the dominated” to explore the pragmatic choices guiding their seed management. Drawing on my ethnographic and ethnoecological research in Yucatán, I show how local seed systems continue to underpin maize production in Mexico, sustaining agrobiodiversity through community seed exchange and adaptive strategies, even after climatic shocks. These findings illustrate that peasant practices remain central to the ongoing evolution of maize diversity - beyond modernist dichotomies of “primitive” versus “modern” varieties. Ultimately, “provincializing” the Green Revolution means not only exposing its limits but also recognizing the multiplicity of situated practices, values, and knowledges that have continuously redefined the relationship between science, agriculture, and society.
When: Oct 31st from 12.00-13.00
Where: 4A20 or online via this link (meeting ID: 324 951 782 591 // password:sq7VL7wN)
Picture credits: James Baltz